Workplace safety has gone through several evolutionary stages in the history of Italian legislation, highlighting how the welfare of workers has been progressively recognized and protected over time. However, despite regulatory efforts, the current reality shows a situation that is still critical and full of challenges.
Evolution of safety regulations
The first occupational safety regulations date back to the 19th century, a period of great industrial development. Initially, the laws were piecemeal and half-hearted, reflecting the lack of attention to worker safety. A first significant change occurred with the passage of Law No. 300 of 1970, better known as the “Workers’ Statute,” which laid the groundwork for greater protection.
In the 1980s, legislative activity intensified with the enactment of EU directives that led to a strengthening of regulations, culminating in Legislative Decree. No. 626/94 and the subsequent Legislative Decree. n°81/08. These decrees introduce the concept of risk assessment and establish more detailed procedures for occupational safety management.
The new single text and its shortcomings
April 1, 2008 marks another crucial moment with the approval of the “New Occupational Safety and Health Consolidation Act,” which attempts to consolidate and update all previous regulations. Unfortunately, statistics show that despite intentions, work-related injuries have not decreased. The phenomenon of fatal accidents remains alarming, with an average of three deaths per day in Italy.
The 2021 reform: new hopes and old problems
Law 215/2021 attempts to intervene in this difficult environment by introducing new regulations for better safety management, including compulsory training for employers and strengthening the inspection powers of the National Labor Inspectorate (INL). However, data from 2022 and early 2023 show that there is still a long way to go toward real safety in the workplace.
Toward a cultural change in workplace safety
To effectively address the scourge of injuries, it is essential to change the cultural approach toward safety. It is not enough to tighten penalties; a culture of prevention and training must be promoted. Only then can we hope for a real turnaround. One step forward will surely come with the introduction of credit licensing at construction sites.
The history of occupational safety in Italy is a testament to how legislation can evolve and adapt to social and economic change. However, the current challenges require joint and continuous efforts by all social actors to ensure that safety becomes an unquestionable priority and not just a regulatory issue. Only through collective commitment and renewed awareness can we ensure a more secure future for all Italian workers.
